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This is a computer motherboard. Do you know what all these components are called? What

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they do? Who invented the microprocessor? If you're into computer history and trivia,

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you are in the right place. For in just a few minutes, we're going to bring you 10 of

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the smartest guys in the computer industry who will be matching wits to find out who

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knows more about computer trivia, the guys from the East Coast or the folks from the

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West Coast. Stay tuned for the Computer Bowl All-Star Game on this special edition of the

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Computer Chronicles.

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Computer Chronicles is made possible in part by the Software Publishers Association, providers

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of educational materials to help manage software. Don't copy that floppy. And by Hewlett Packard,

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personal computer division. Now, ladies and gentlemen, the host of the PBS television

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series Computer Chronicles, here is Stuart Shafae.

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Thank you very much. And thanks to the Computer Bowl Orchestra, otherwise known as the Peter

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Morgan Band. Thank you very much. Okay, ladies and gentlemen, hackers of all ages, good evening

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and welcome to the Computer Bowl All-Star Game, presented by the Association for Computing

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Machinery. Who knows more about computers? The East folks, guys? The East folks? The

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East Coast folks? Who knows how to speak tonight is the question. Who knows more about computers?

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The people from the East Coast who brought us mainframes and mini computers? Or is it

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the people on the West Coast who brought us silicon chips and personal computers? I wonder

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what they're doing in Boston right now. Tonight, we're going to find out once and for all.

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We're here tonight in the San Jose Civic Auditorium, site of many famous sporting events, but none

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so spectacular as what will follow in this next hour. Tonight, we feature the pro bowlers,

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the Hall of Famers, the final four, well, I guess it's the final five from each side,

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the absolute smartest of the smart when it comes to tech talk. For this is the Computer

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Bowl finale. It's the Super Bowl, Game 7 of the World Series, the Stanley Cup Final, the

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Olympics of hackerdom all wrapped up into one tonight. It is the revenge of the nerds,

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the ultimate moment of geek glory for the winning team. So far, we've had five Computer

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Bowl contests, and the West has won the regular series by a score of 3-2. But what does that

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matter? What have you done for me lately, right? That is all forgotten after tonight's

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contest. Gathered here in San Jose, I gather, is a partisan crowd. Who's going to win, audience?

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Okay. A couple of you. All right. Up in Redmond, Washington, we have a group of Northwesterners

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joining us tonight live via satellite. You guys hearing us loud and clear? We could only

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afford two-way audio. One year, we'll be able to do this. Back in Boston, the bastion of

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East Coast computer wisdom, we have a live audience watching via satellite. You guys

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in Boston, better root for the East Coast because the Westerners are outnumbering you

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here. Okay. Let's get to it. Representing the East Coast and their great tradition of

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pocket protectors, white socks, red socks in Boston, from Foundation Technologies Limited,

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Neil, Cleanup Colvin. From Microsoft Corporation, Bob the Babe, Frankston. Author and computer

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historian Pamela, Mighty Duck, McCordick. From Novell, from Novell Multimedia, David,

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the giant killer, Nelson. And the captain of the East Coast team, from the Electronic

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Frontier Foundation, Mitch, Wild Thing, Kapor. Now, from the West Coast, with their great

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tradition of sunshine, earthquakes, the San Jose Sharks. Go Sharks! From Microsoft Corporation,

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Bill the Goalie Gates. Industry consultant Jeff, the Cruncher Cowb. From Interval Research

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Corporation, David, Slam Dunk Liddell. From Smart Valley Incorporated, Harry, the Sinker

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Sol. And the captain of the West Coast team, from Sun Microsystems, Bill, the Jammer Joy.

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Now normally, in a computer bowl, we have one or two judges to rule on the difficult

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cases. That means when Kapor or Gates disagree with the official answer. But with this panel

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of all stars, we figured we better bring out the whole Supreme Court tonight. So let me

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introduce to you our panel of judges, otherwise known in this venue as our referees. And here

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they are. Charlie Bachman, from Bachman Information Systems. John Doerr, of Kleiner, Perkins,

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Caulfield & Byers. Pat McGovern, of the International Data Group. Heidi Roizen, of TeamMaker Company.

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And John Schock, of the Asset Management Company. It is now my pleasure and honor to introduce

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to you the official examiner for tonight's computer bowl all-star game. The only man

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whose medical alert tag says Intel inside. From the Intel Corporation, Dr. Andrew Grove.

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Ladies and gentlemen, all-star teams from the East and West, it's time to boot up. Andy,

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you're 10 points. Here's the first toss-up question. Some men in the computer business

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wear earrings of the following. Who does not wear an earring? Jean-Louis Gasset, Stephen

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Wallach, Philippe Kahn. David Liddell, West Coast. David? Philippe Kahn does not wear

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an earring. And you are right for 10 points. Andy? Only one person in all of computing's

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history has ever won both the ACM Turing Award for lasting technical achievement and the

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Grace Murray Hopper Award for work done prior to reaching the age of 30. Who is that person?

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That's a good question. Okay. Bob? Frankston, East Coast. Bob? Bob McKeith. That is not

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the correct answer. Somebody on the West Coast would like to take a shot. Who is the only

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person to win the ACM Turing Award and the Hopper Award? David Liddell, West Coast. David?

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Donald Knuth. Donald Knuth is right for 10 points. A 5 1⁄4-inch floppy disk has a right

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protect notch on its left side when held for insertion into a horizontal disk drive. On

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an 8-inch floppy disk, there is a right-enable notch. Where is it located on the disk?

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Mitchell, Capehor, East Coast. Mitch? On the right side. That is not correct. You've got

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a couple of sides left, West Coast. Anybody like to take a shot at it? Where is that notch

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on the disk? Anybody want to try going quickly now? Got nothing to lose. Let somebody take

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a shot. Jeffrey Kalb, West Coast. Jeff? I'm sorry? The left side. That's not correct either.

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We had one or two more shots. I think somebody would get it. It is on the leading or front

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or top edge of the disk as you put it in. Bonus round. All right. Time for the first

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bonus round. We'll score right now before we begin this bonus round. Bonus round is

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20 for the West, zero for the East. Here's a chance for the East to pick up 30 points

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in this bonus round. All right. If you guys can huddle together now, this is only for

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your team. There will be eight of these. We'll go up and back evenly and fairly. Only answer

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through your captain, Mitch. The category is programmers and programming languages.

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Here's the first part of the question. There's three questions, 10 points each. The 18th

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Annual International Collegiate Programming Contest was held earlier this year in Phoenix.

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The following four universities were among the entrants, Harvard, MIT, Yeshiva University,

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and the University of Waterloo. Which one came in first?

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Harvard, MIT, Yeshiva, University of Waterloo. Waterloo. That's correct, 10 points. Okay.

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Another chance to get more 10. You guys are catching up now. I can think of at least three

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programming languages which were named after real people. Can you name three? Programming

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language is named after real people. I need three of them for 10 points. I need an answer

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now. Ada, Pascal, Euler.

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Euler. Judges say Euler will do, John. Euler will do, another 10 points. Well done, guys.

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Another one would have been Euclid. Okay. Last chance for another 10 points. You guys

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are catching up. The programming language FORTH is spelled F-O-R-T-H. When it was first

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introduced, it was called FORTH, F-O-U-R-T-H. Why did they change it?

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Trademark. Trademark. That's not correct, I'm afraid. It only handled maximum of five

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letters in a name, so they had to get rid of one of them. Okay, so the score right now

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is 20 points for the East, 20 points for the West. We're all tied up. Let's get back to

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our toss-up questions. Any side can answer. Andy.

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A recent report on computers in public schools rated the 50 states on how many computers

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are available in school per student.

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Of these four... Neil Colvin, East Coast. Neil.

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Texas. That is not correct. Continue the question,

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Andy, and anybody on the West can take a shot at this.

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Of these four states, which one ranked number one? Alaska, California, Minnesota, or Massachusetts.

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Which state had the most computers per student in school? I need an answer quickly, guys.

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Harry. Seoul, West Coast.

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Harry. Minnesota.

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That's not correct. The correct answer is Alaska. All right, go ahead.

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According to Red Herring Magazine, one high-tech company led all others last year in raising

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venture capital, raising $35 million in the first three quarters of 1993. What company

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was that?

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Jeffrey Kalb, West Coast. Jeff, what do you think?

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Kendall Square Research. That is not correct. Anybody on the East would

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like to take a shot at that. Who raised the most venture capital last year in 93, $35

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million in the first three quarters of 93? Anybody want to take a shot for 10 points?

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Going once. No ideas. The answer is...

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David Nelson, East Coast. David? Not correct.

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Open Vision Technologies. Bonus round.

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All right, time to give you guys a chance. Let's see. The score right now is, what, 30

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East Coast, 20 West Coast, so you're behind by 10. Let's see if you can catch up now.

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Chance, three questions, 10 points apiece. Why don't you guys gather together? You can

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consult. Only Bill can give me the answer. The category is IBM. 1993 may not have been

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the best year for IBM, but the company did distinguish itself by being number one worldwide

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in a very significant way. In what way? In what was IBM number one in 1993? I need an

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answer pretty soon. Let's have it.

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Made the most PCs. Not correct. The answer is they had the most

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US patents issued of any company in the world. All right, let's try for another 10 points

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now, again in IBM. IBM has been traditionally a stock favorite. I'm sorry, judges, yes?

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A reprieve for the West? We think that may not be the answer we're

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looking for, but it may in fact be correct. 10 points for the West Coast. Okay, thank

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you, judges. You guys are sharp. Okay. We're regretting the strip.

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Why not? All right, here's another chance for 10 points. Now, as I said, IBM has traditionally

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been a stock market favorite, but in this decade, it announced its first ever quarterly

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loss. Give me the year and the quarter of that loss. In what quarter did IBM announce

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its first ever loss? The only clue is it is this decade, of course.

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I need an answer. Second quarter of 1990.

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No, that's not correct. Fourth quarter of 92. Fourth quarter of 92 is the answer. All

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right, you've got a chance at another 10 points now. Judges, no reprieve there, right? I can

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keep on going here? Here's a good one. At IBM San Jose Labs, while

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developing the platters for their Ramach hard disk, they had to figure out a way to control

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the grain size of the oxide particles. They came up with a very innovative solution. This

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will be multiple choice, so listen. Was it using a colander, sifting them through a pair

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of nylons, or polishing each grain to size? Which of those three did they use to solve

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the problem? We guessed the nylons. Of course, that's correct. 10 points. All right, the

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score, East Coast 30, West Coast 40. Time. All right, that's the end of round one. The

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score is the West Coast ahead by a score of 40 to 30. Don't go away. We'll be right back.

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All right, as we get ready to start round two of tonight's Computer Bowl All-Star Game,

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the score once again, the West ahead by a score of 40 to 30. We go back to 10-point

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toss-up questions, and Andy. Robots have been popular characters in movies for many years.

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Of the following four movies, Target Earth, Silent Running, Journey to the Center of the

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Earth, and Spacecam, which one did not feature a robot?

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Neil Colvin, East Coast. Neil?

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Journey to the Center of the Earth. Well, you're a good one. 10 points. All right,

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here we go again. According to the book, The Green PC, what is the annual cost for generating

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the electricity it takes to run all the world's personal computers? Is it $900 million, $1.5

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billion, $4.6 billion, or $10 billion?

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How much electricity does it take to run the world's PCs, all of them? Multiple choice

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guy. Got to pick one. Going once, going twice.

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Bill Gates, West Coast. Bill?

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$4.6 billion. That's the right answer. 10 points for the West.

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What is the result of the multiplication in base 89 of these two numbers? 11 and 11.

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Thinking, thinking, thinking. Listen to that question carefully.

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Mitch? It's going to be one, and then whatever

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stands for 22. Judges, I can't take that. No. Okay, we've

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got to go to the West Coast. You've got a shot at that. The result of the multiplication

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in base 89. Bill?

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$132. That's not the correct answer either. The

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answer is $121 because it's always $121 except for base 2, 11 and 11. Judges, yes? Thank

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you. Okay, next. It's obvious. Obvious, Andy says.

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One of the earliest word processors was written by a company named Lifetree Software. What

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was it called? Bill Gates, West Coast.

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Bill? Easy Rider. That's not correct, Bill. Anybody

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want to take a shot on the East? Bob Frankston, East Rider.

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Bob? Volksrider.

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Volksrider. Correct for 10 points.

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Bonus round. All right, it's time for another bonus round.

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Guess what? The score is tied 50 for the East Coast, 50 for the West Coast.

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All right, East Coast time. You guys get together. You're going to answer through Mitch. The

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category is computers in print. One of today's well-known computer trade magazines used to

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be called the Intelligent Machines Journal. What's that magazine called today? For 10

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seconds. The Intelligent Machines Journal is now called what?

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Give it a shot. InfoWorld. All right, 10 points. Well done. Second chance to get 10 points.

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Computers in print. Way back in 1945, it's nearly 50 years ago, an article appeared in

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the Atlantic Monthly entitled, As We May Think. In the article, the author predicted that

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computers could be used to make PCs, distributed databases, and hypertext. Who wrote the article?

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Vannevar Bush. That's right, Vannevar Bush. Another 10 points.

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Well done. Last chance for 10 points. In the book Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton, a

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supercomputer is used for DNA sequencing. What brand of supercomputer is used?

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What do you think? Cray. Cray is right. Okay, well done. You got all of them, so right now

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the score is East Coast, 80, West Coast, 50. Okay, Andy.

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The following three movies, all at least 25 years old, all have computer themes. Desk

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Set, Gog, and Billion Dollar Brain. Can you list those movies in chronological order?

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Oldest first. Three movies with computer themes, and we

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need the order of those three. And they were Desk Set, Gog, and Billion Dollar Brain.

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David Liddell, West Coast. David's going to take a shot. Go ahead.

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The order was Desk Set, Billion Dollar Brain, Gog. That is not correct. Anybody on the East

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like to try again? Put those three movies about computers in chronological order, oldest

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first. Mitchell Kapoor, East Coast.

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It was the order you read them in. Nice try, but even that's wrong. No, it was Gog first,

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which goes back to 1954. Desk Set was 1957. Billion Dollar Brain was 1967, so nobody did

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get that right. All right, next question, Andy.

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A PDP-10 is a well-known minicomputer. What was its immediate predecessor called?

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Bill Gates, West Coast. Bill?

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86. Absolutely right.

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Bonus round. All right, time for another bonus round, and

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it is the East Coast ahead, 80 to 60, so it's for the West now. You guys can use this. You're

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20 points behind. The category is computers in the movies. I'm going to give you the computer

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angle in the movie. You give me the title of the movie. Actor George Segal has a computer

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implanted in his brain in this 1974 movie based on a book.

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Terminal Man. You got it, 10 points.

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Here's the second computer theme. Two teenagers use a computer to create a woman in this 1985

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movie. Weird Science.

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That's right, another 10 points. You guys are good. Last chance for 10 points now is

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an important one. In this Walt Disney movie, an electrical accident dumps the contents

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of a computer's memory into the brain of a college student played by Kurt Russell.

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Tron? Not correct. I'm afraid the computer wore

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tennis shoes. The computer wore tennis shoes. Okay, the score right now, though, is tie

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score. East Coast, 80, West Coast, 80. Here we go. This is a tight one.

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We are all familiar with the term ATM, standing for automatic teller machine.

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David Liddell, West Coast.

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Asynchronous transfer mode.

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That is not correct. All right, Andy, you can finish the whole question and somebody

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from the East can take a shot at it. Okay. But way back in the 1950s, the Bank of America

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installed one of the first computerized banking systems built by GE. It was called ERMA, E-R-M-A.

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What did the letters E-R...

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David Nelson, East Coast.

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David? Electronic record method of accounting.

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Electronic recording machine accounting. Okay, you had two of the four words, Dave,

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but not all of them. Electronic recording machine accounting.

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You've got it.

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No, I'm sorry. I'm sorry, Andy. That's the signal for the end of round two. With the

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score, 80 for the East Coast, 80 for the West Coast. What a great contest. That concludes

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the first half of the Computer Bowl All-Star Game. If you have any questions...